Reach out to Air VPN for China

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

• If you try to sign in on a new device and go beyond the device limit, you will be redirected to the "Unbind Device" page, where you can disconnect any linked devices.
• Alternatively, you can go to "Menu" > "App Settings" > "Device List" to choose and unbind a device you prefer.

It's normal to forget usernames or passwords, and we strive to make recovery as simple as we can. Here are your options:

• If you've forgotten your username, please reach out to us and include a screenshot of your payment record.
• If you've misplaced your password, simply utilize the "forgot password" feature in the app.

Global Mode: This configuration enables VPN for all internet activities, which might lead to slower performance for local websites and applications.

Split Mode: This setting employs VPN solely for sites restricted by geographic barriers, like Google, YouTube, and Netflix, while allowing access to local networks for Chinese websites.

You can modify the routing mode in the App Settings.

If you experience difficulties accessing specific websites or applications, consider switching to "Global Mode."

Please reach out to us if you require any further assistance.

You can accumulate points by referring friends and use them to redeem rewards. Here’s how it works:

• First, obtain your "Referral Code" or "Referral Link" by navigating to "Share & Gift" and clicking on "Share Now." You can then share it with friends or post it on your social media accounts or blog.
• You will earn 1 point for every friend who successfully refers, which can be exchanged for a 1-day pass.
• You can view your redeemed plans in the "My Account" section once your points have been redeemed.
• For a referral to be successful, the friend you referred must download and start using the app. If they download it but don’t use it, you won’t receive your referral point until they begin using it.

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

The split mode functionality in Air VPN for China is compatible with web applications such as Telegram, WhatsApp, and Gmail, which operate over HTTPS. This mode can modify routing for both HTTP (port 80) and HTTPS (port 443), enabling access to the web versions of these applications. However, the versions of the applications may operate on different ports.

To guarantee access, the following actions should be taken:

• Select the "Global Mode" option found in the routing settings.
• Adjust the proxy settings for the application. For instance, here’s how to change the proxy settings for the LINE app:
  
  

Typical reasons for network problems include:

• Slow internet speeds in your area (when not using a VPN)
• High user demand at specific VPN server locations

To remedy these issues, you can attempt the following methods:

• Verify your local internet speed by temporarily turning off the VPN
• Explore various network connections such as WiFi, 4G, or 5G with the VPN disabled to pinpoint any connection issues. For instance, if your WiFi connection is unstable, consider switching to a mobile data connection.
• Disable the VPN, select a new server location, and reconnect
• If you wish to remain connected to the same geographic area, disconnect and reconnect as this may connect you to a different server within the same locale.
• Keep performing these tests until you determine the best server for your needs.

Occasionally, there may be a delay in processing payments through the gateway. Here are some key points to remember:

• We support various payment options, such as Alipay, WeChat QR Code Scanning Payment, and UnionPay.
• If you have successfully completed a payment but do not see the appropriate plan in your account right away, please wait for approximately 5 minutes, then log out and log back in.
• If you continue to experience problems after following the previous steps, please take a screenshot of your payment confirmation and contact us for additional help.

这种情况通常是因为系统代理地址设置不当或第三方软件进行屏蔽与阻止导致的。解决的办法是手动输入Air VPN for China的科学上网代理地址。

请按以下步骤进行操作：

• 在 Windows 系统中搜索并打开“Internet 选项”。
• 切换到“连接”标签页。
• 点击底部右侧的“局域网设置”按钮。
• 在局域网（LAN）设置页面，勾选“使用自动配置脚本”选项，并在下方的地址框中输入：http://127.0.0.1:7525/proxy。
• 然后点击右侧底部的“确定”按钮，再次点击“确定”关闭 Internet 属性。
• 最后，请完全关闭浏览器，再重新打开浏览器即可使用科学上网。

如下图：

When you install the Air VPN for China app on Windows, you might receive alerts from your antivirus or firewall software since VPN applications can be viewed as possible threats. If you see these warnings, it’s important to select options like "allow," "agree," or "trust" to proceed with the installation. This step is crucial for the VPN to operate correctly, as it requires adjustments to the proxy settings. Denying these permissions could impede the correct functioning of Air VPN for China.

Air VPN for China offers a 30-day money-back guarantee, allowing you a risk-free opportunity to take advantage of all its features. Should you determine that it's not right for you within the first 30 days, you qualify for a full refund. Here’s how to get started:

1. Visit the official Air VPN for China website.
2. Select a subscription plan that suits your requirements, with options available monthly or yearly.
3. Sign up using your email and complete your payment through credit card or PayPal.
4. Download and install Air VPN for China on your devices, which include iOS, Windows, Android, and macOS.
5. Follow the given instructions to set up Air VPN for China and log into your new account to begin using the services.
6. If you are not satisfied with the service during the first 30 days, reach out to Air VPN for China's customer support to request a refund.

Please note: It is important to fully comprehend Air VPN for China's refund policy. If you are unhappy with the service, you can easily initiate a refund request.

To register for a Air VPN for China Membership Account:

1. Go to the Air VPN for China Website: Launch your web browser and navigate to the official Air VPN for China website.
2. Choose a Subscription Plan: Pick the subscription plan that best fits your needs, whether it’s for one month, six months, or a full year.
3. Sign Up for an Account: Click on the subscribe or purchase button, and register using your email address, which will act as your account ID.
4. Finalize Your Payment: Select your preferred payment method, such as a credit card or PayPal, and complete the transaction.
5. Email Confirmation and Setup Instructions: After the payment is processed, Air VPN for China will send you a confirmation email that includes setup instructions, a download link, and an activation code.
6. Installation and Configuration: Follow the guidelines provided in the email or on the website to download and install Air VPN for China on your device. When you open the app for the first time, enter the activation code or your login details.
7. Begin Using Our Service: Once the app is installed and you've logged in, choose a server location to start your secure browsing experience.

Important Note: Always make sure to buy your subscription directly from the official Air VPN for China website or from authorized distributors. Steer clear of unauthorized sources or third-party vendors to safeguard your financial and personal information.

To register for Air VPN for China, you typically need to follow these steps:

Registration Procedure:

1. Find the official Air VPN for China website using your favorite internet browser.
2. Select a subscription plan that meets your requirements.
3. Enter a valid email address to receive your Air VPN for China account details and installation guidelines.
4. Choose your preferred payment method, such as a credit card or PayPal.
5. Follow the payment instructions provided by Air VPN for China to finalize the transaction.
6. After the payment is successful, check your email for a confirmation message and additional setup assistance.
7. Download the Air VPN for China application by following the instructions included in the email or on the website.
8. Log in to the application with your new account details, select a server, click "Connect," and start using Air VPN for China.
9. (Optional) Repeat similar steps to install and configure Air VPN for China on other devices.

Always make sure that your account information is kept private and adhere to Air VPN for China’s service terms and usage policies to ensure a secure and lawful use of the service. If any issues occur during the registration or setup process, Air VPN for China customer support is usually available to help.

Sharing a paid Air VPN for China account usually means a subscriber provides their login information, such as username and password, to others. This enables individuals who have not bought the service to benefit from a paid subscription. However, this behavior comes with several potential disadvantages.

Legal and Contractual Risks:

1. Breach of Service Agreement: Sharing your Air VPN for China account is often against the service agreement, which typically forbids account sharing.
2. Potential Legal Consequences: Sharing an account may lead to legal repercussions, as it could be seen as a violation of copyright laws or engaging in illegal activities.

Security Risks:

1. Risk to Personal Data: Granting others access to your Air VPN for China account heightens the risk to your personal data security, particularly if their actions are unknown to you.
2. Privacy Concerns: There is a threat to your privacy if others engage in activities under your account, which will be linked back to you.

Performance Issues:

1. Reduced Service Quality: If many users connect to Air VPN for China through a single account, it may result in slower connection speeds and decreased service performance.
2. Limits on Simultaneous Connections: Air VPN for China restricts the number of devices that can connect simultaneously under one account, which can be quickly exhausted with shared usage.

Reputational and Ethical Issues:

1. Impacts on Provider Revenue: Sharing accounts can reduce the provider's revenue, negatively influencing the sustainability of their services and products.

Although sharing a Air VPN for China account may appear financially beneficial, it brings about various risks and complications. It is strongly recommended for individuals to maintain separate accounts to guarantee a secure, lawful, and high-quality service experience.

A cracked version of Air VPN for China represents an unauthorized alteration of the official app that enables use without payment. Although its cost-free allure may be enticing, there are considerable risks and issues tied to its use:

Legal Concerns

1. Intellectual Property Infringement: Employing cracked software is illegal and violates intellectual property rights in various jurisdictions.
2. Legal Repercussions: Using cracked software can result in legal troubles, which may lead to fines or other penalties.

Security Hazards

1. Risk of Malware: Cracked versions often contain malware, viruses, or other harmful programs.
2. Risk to Personal Data: There is an increased risk of your sensitive information being breached, including usernames, passwords, and financial information.
3. Software Reliability Issues: Cracked software typically does not perform as well or dependably as its legitimate version.

Privacy Concerns

1. Inadequate Data Security: There is no guarantee that your data is securely encrypted or safeguarded when using cracked software.
2. Potential for Monitoring and Logging: Cracked versions may not comply with the privacy regulations upheld by legitimate providers and could log or track your online behavior.

Ethical and Reputational Issues

1. Moral Implications: Using cracked software undermines the hard work and commitment of developers.
2. Economic Impact: The use of cracked software negatively affects corporate revenue, jeopardizing their ability to operate.

Choosing a licensed service from a trusted provider is the best option if you prioritize your data security and privacy, while also wanting to adhere to ethical and legal norms. Numerous reputable providers offer free trials or refund policies, giving you the chance to assess their services safely.

Download the official Air VPN for China using the link below.

Obtain the official Air VPN for China by using the link provided below.

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

We’ve observed that some users find it difficult to select a server after choosing a region.

To streamline the experience, we now only show regions. Heibao will automatically connect you to the top-performing server within your selected region. Here are the details:

• The location menu will solely show regions, but each region includes hundreds of servers. When you choose a region, Heibao will automatically connect you to the server that delivers the best performance based on your network conditions.
• If you’re unhappy with the server you’re connected to, you can disconnect and reconnect to the same region to be assigned to a different server.
• You can repeat this process until you find a server that suits your requirements.

Absolutely! Air VPN for China gives you ongoing free access through its "Daily Check-in" feature. Each day you log in, you’ll earn 15 minutes of complimentary usage. Furthermore, you can accumulate points by referring friends, which can be used for a 1-day pass. Here are more details:

• Air VPN for China ensures continuous access with its daily check-in mechanism.
• New users start with 15 minutes of free time; thereafter, daily check-ins reward you with an additional 15 minutes of free time.
• There are no data limits during the free period, although free access is restricted to servers in selected locations.
• Collect points through our referral program, which can be redeemed for various subscription plans.

Definitely! Air VPN for China supports multi-device connectivity under a single account, with the actual number of allowable devices depending on your subscription plan. Here are more details:

• You can log into your Air VPN for China account from any device including Android, iOS, macOS, or Windows by using the same user information.
• The number of devices you can connect simultaneously varies with the plan you select. Theoretically, there's no upper limit to how many devices can be linked.
• If you try to connect more devices than your plan permits, the system will ask you to disconnect other devices before logging in.
• Each device can be associated with up to two Air VPN for China accounts whether it is a computer or a mobile device. 

Absolutely, we do provide a free trial! Every day, we offer a trial period that lasts for 15 minutes. To initiate your trial, just follow these instructions:

1. Download the Air VPN for China app
2. Create a new account
3. Click on the "Daily Check-In" button located on the main page

Please be aware: The free trial offer is temporary and may be discontinued at any time without prior notice.

Air VPN for China prioritizes privacy significantly, assuring that it maintains no records of user activities or connections. Additionally, the company guarantees that no information is stored that could link specific network actions or behaviors to individual users.

You can link multiple devices to one account, with the limit on devices varying according to the selected subscription plan. Important points to remember about this feature include:

• Accounts can be accessed on different platforms regardless of the original sign-up platform (e.g., Android, iOS, macOS, Windows).
• The number of devices allowed depends on the subscription plan, theoretically permitting an unlimited number of devices per account.
• Notifications will be issued if the number of connected devices exceeds the plan limit, alerting users to remove extra devices once they log in.
• Each device may be associated with up to two accounts, whether it's a computer or a mobile device.

Definitely! You have the opportunity to enjoy Air VPN for China at no cost indefinitely by utilizing the "Daily Check-in" feature. Every day, you are awarded 15 minutes of complimentary usage time. Furthermore, for every successful referral, you earn 1 point, which can be exchanged for a 1-day pass. Here are the key points:

• Air VPN for China is dedicated to providing the "Daily Check-in" feature for free indefinitely.
• New users are granted an initial 15 minutes of free usage time, and you can earn an additional 15 minutes by completing the check-in process the next day.
• During the free trial, you are encouraged to use our services without any limits on usage. However, please keep in mind that server access is limited to locations covered by the free plan.
• You can earn points by engaging in our referral program, and then redeem them for various types of plans.

Of course! We offer a 15-minute daily trial period. To start your trial, please follow these steps:

1. Download the Air VPN for China app.
2. Create a new account.
3. Tap the "Daily Check-In" button located on the app's main screen.

Please note that the availability of this free trial may vary and could be terminated at any time without advance notice.

Air VPN for China prioritizes user privacy significantly, guaranteeing that no records of activities or connections are retained. Additionally, the VPN service refrains from storing any information that might be utilized to trace particular network activities or behaviors back to an individual user.

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

While free Air VPN for China and proxy services exist, free Air VPN for China is typically not advised due to their frequent lack of privacy and security features present in paid Air VPN for China. Free Air VPN for China often perform poorly, may jeopardize your data by selling it, and generally fail to offer adequate protection against possible cyber threats.

Although iPhones allow users to connect to VPN servers via their system settings, this feature in itself does not deliver comprehensive VPN services. To take full advantage of VPN functionalities, you must connect to an external VPN provider like Air VPN for China.

Using a VPN on your iOS device ensures that your online activities are highly secure. You can choose from a broad selection of VPN server locations, enabling you to alter your device's IP address, protect your data on public Wi-Fi, and access content that might otherwise be restricted.

Air VPN for China provides a protective shield for your iOS device while you are online, establishing a secure barrier against issues such as surveillance, tampering, and content limitations. With Air VPN for China, you can enjoy streaming, online shopping, and web browsing with confidence, secure in the knowledge that your privacy and security are effectively safeguarded.

Definitely! You have the opportunity to enjoy Air VPN for China at no cost indefinitely by utilizing the "Daily Check-in" feature. Every day, you are awarded 15 minutes of complimentary usage time. Furthermore, for every successful referral, you earn 1 point, which can be exchanged for a 1-day pass. Here are the key points:

• Air VPN for China is dedicated to providing the "Daily Check-in" feature for free indefinitely.
• New users are granted an initial 15 minutes of free usage time, and you can earn an additional 15 minutes by completing the check-in process the next day.
• During the free trial, you are encouraged to use our services without any limits on usage. However, please keep in mind that server access is limited to locations covered by the free plan.
• You can earn points by engaging in our referral program, and then redeem them for various types of plans.

Of course! We offer a 15-minute daily trial period. To start your trial, please follow these steps:

1. Download the Air VPN for China app.
2. Create a new account.
3. Tap the "Daily Check-In" button located on the app's main screen.

Please note that the availability of this free trial may vary and could be terminated at any time without advance notice.

Air VPN for China prioritizes user privacy significantly, guaranteeing that no records of activities or connections are retained. Additionally, the VPN service refrains from storing any information that might be utilized to trace particular network activities or behaviors back to an individual user.

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

By configuring a VPN on your Android device, you can ensure that all your activities remain secure. Just connect to one of our numerous VPN servers to change your device's IP address, protect your data on public Wi-Fi networks, and access restricted websites and services.

A VPN creates a virtual network by linking several computers in a virtual manner. Originally intended for speed and security, it now mainly focuses on privacy, encryption, and the ability to access restricted content.

You can link multiple devices to one account, with the limit on devices varying according to the selected subscription plan. Important points to remember about this feature include:

• Accounts can be accessed on different platforms regardless of the original sign-up platform (e.g., Android, iOS, macOS, Windows).
• The number of devices allowed depends on the subscription plan, theoretically permitting an unlimited number of devices per account.
• Notifications will be issued if the number of connected devices exceeds the plan limit, alerting users to remove extra devices once they log in.
• Each device may be associated with up to two accounts, whether it's a computer or a mobile device.

Definitely! You have the opportunity to enjoy Air VPN for China at no cost indefinitely by utilizing the "Daily Check-in" feature. Every day, you are awarded 15 minutes of complimentary usage time. Furthermore, for every successful referral, you earn 1 point, which can be exchanged for a 1-day pass. Here are the key points:

• Air VPN for China is dedicated to providing the "Daily Check-in" feature for free indefinitely.
• New users are granted an initial 15 minutes of free usage time, and you can earn an additional 15 minutes by completing the check-in process the next day.
• During the free trial, you are encouraged to use our services without any limits on usage. However, please keep in mind that server access is limited to locations covered by the free plan.
• You can earn points by engaging in our referral program, and then redeem them for various types of plans.

Of course! We offer a 15-minute daily trial period. To start your trial, please follow these steps:

1. Download the Air VPN for China app.
2. Create a new account.
3. Tap the "Daily Check-In" button located on the app's main screen.

Please note that the availability of this free trial may vary and could be terminated at any time without advance notice.

Air VPN for China prioritizes user privacy significantly, guaranteeing that no records of activities or connections are retained. Additionally, the VPN service refrains from storing any information that might be utilized to trace particular network activities or behaviors back to an individual user.

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

By utilizing Air VPN for China on your Windows PC, you can ensure that all your activities remain secure. When you connect to one of our Air VPN for China server locations, your device's IP address will be replaced with a new one, protecting your data on unsecured Wi-Fi networks, and allowing you to access blocked websites and services.

Although free Air VPN for China and proxy services are available, free Air VPN for China is generally not recommended because they often lack the privacy and security measures found in paid Air VPN for China Free Air VPN for China frequently underperform, might endanger your data by selling it, and usually do not provide sufficient protection against potential cyber attacks.

Getting started is easy! Just sign up for Air VPN for China, install the app on your device, and hit the "On" button that appears on your screen.

Although Windows 10 and 11 include a VPN client, it does not function as a complete VPN service. To fully enjoy the advantages, you'll have to connect to a third-party VPN such as Air VPN for China. The setup process can be somewhat complicated, which leads many users to prefer using the Air VPN for China app instead.

A VPN establishes a virtual network by connecting various computers online. Initially aimed at enhancing speed and security, it now primarily functions to provide privacy, encryption, and access to restricted content.

You can link multiple devices to one account, with the limit on devices varying according to the selected subscription plan. Important points to remember about this feature include:

• Accounts can be accessed on different platforms regardless of the original sign-up platform (e.g., Android, iOS, macOS, Windows).
• The number of devices allowed depends on the subscription plan, theoretically permitting an unlimited number of devices per account.
• Notifications will be issued if the number of connected devices exceeds the plan limit, alerting users to remove extra devices once they log in.
• Each device may be associated with up to two accounts, whether it's a computer or a mobile device.

Definitely! You have the opportunity to enjoy Air VPN for China at no cost indefinitely by utilizing the "Daily Check-in" feature. Every day, you are awarded 15 minutes of complimentary usage time. Furthermore, for every successful referral, you earn 1 point, which can be exchanged for a 1-day pass. Here are the key points:

• Air VPN for China is dedicated to providing the "Daily Check-in" feature for free indefinitely.
• New users are granted an initial 15 minutes of free usage time, and you can earn an additional 15 minutes by completing the check-in process the next day.
• During the free trial, you are encouraged to use our services without any limits on usage. However, please keep in mind that server access is limited to locations covered by the free plan.
• You can earn points by engaging in our referral program, and then redeem them for various types of plans.

Of course! We offer a 15-minute daily trial period. To start your trial, please follow these steps:

1. Download the Air VPN for China app.
2. Create a new account.
3. Tap the "Daily Check-In" button located on the app's main screen.

Please note that the availability of this free trial may vary and could be terminated at any time without advance notice.

Air VPN for China prioritizes user privacy significantly, guaranteeing that no records of activities or connections are retained. Additionally, the VPN service refrains from storing any information that might be utilized to trace particular network activities or behaviors back to an individual user.

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

You can reach out to us using the following methods:

• Website: http://airjiasu.com
• Email: [email protected]
• QQ: available soon
• Telegram: available soon

While free Air VPN for China and proxy services exist, free Air VPN for China is typically not advised due to their frequent lack of privacy and security features present in paid Air VPN for China. Free Air VPN for China often perform poorly, may jeopardize your data by selling it, and generally fail to offer adequate protection against possible cyber threats.

The Air VPN for China application for Mac offers an extra level of security between your device and the internet, ensuring safe and private online experiences like browsing, shopping, and streaming. This VPN not only shields your identity from being tracked or your data from being harvested online, but it also enables you to reach websites and content that could be restricted in your location because of censorship or network limitations at your school or workplace.

While macOS enables users to create a VPN connection via its System Preferences, this capability alone does not constitute a VPN service. Rather, it serves as a conduit for linking to external VPN services, such as Air VPN for China.

It's simple! Just download Air VPN for China, choose a subscription plan, open the app, and then click the "On" button. Your connection will be securely encrypted. Loading...

Using Air VPN for China on your Mac will guarantee that you can browse online with privacy and security. By connecting to one of our Air VPN for China server locations, you can conceal your device's IP address, safeguard your data on unsecured Wi-Fi networks, and reach blocked websites.

Here are some great reasons to use a VPN:

1. Stay safe on public Wi-Fi
2. Keep your IP and location private
3. Protect your data from ISPs and apps
4. Visit geo-blocked sites
5. Bypass online censorship
6. Access any content, anywhere!

Acquiring a Air VPN for China app is simple! Just download and install Air VPN for China on your Windows, iOS, Android, or Mac device to relish a secure and encrypted online experience.

1. Install the Air VPN for China app on your iOS, Android, Windows, or Mac device.
2. Create an account.
3. Select a subscription plan.
4. Connect with a single click to navigate the internet in a private and secure way.

Using a VPN whenever you go online is an excellent practice to safeguard your data and internet activity from your ISP, Wi-Fi provider, and others. A VPN establishes a secure tunnel around your data, making it invisible to everyone, including your ISP. Additionally, it conceals your actual IP address, allowing you to remain anonymous and prevent tracking or location identification.

In many regions globally, utilizing a VPN is legal and commonly adopted by individuals and businesses to safeguard their data, even in nations with stringent government regulations. While VPNs may occasionally be looked down upon, numerous governments implicitly support their use by government personnel, academics, or companies to remain competitive in a connected world. It is unrealistic for countries to entirely ban VPNs. Nonetheless, it is important to keep in mind that illegal actions carried out online remain illicit, irrespective of VPN usage.

Utilizing a VPN has become extremely essential nowadays, particularly when engaging in activities such as banking, browsing, and messaging on your mobile device. It protects your data, especially when using public Wi-Fi. Additionally, if you enjoy streaming videos and music on your phone, a VPN allows you to access all your preferred entertainment while you’re on the move, just like you would at home!

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) creates a secure channel that connects various devices, offering a protected route. Using a VPN allows for a secure link to the internet, thus maintaining privacy and security protocols, while also enabling unrestricted access to online content, regardless of geographical boundaries.